This paper presents the petrography and mineral chemistry of charnockitic gneisses exposed at Ikeram-Ibaram within the Precambrian Basement Complex of southwestern Nigeria. Quartz, plagioclase, perthite, amphibole, biotite and orthopyroxene are essential minerals, while apatite, ilmenite, magnetite and zircon are accessories. Orthopyroxene is ferro-hypersthene (En44Fs56Wo0) with low TiO2, CaO contents, but high in MgO compositions. Orthopyroxene is mantled by hornblende and relicts of biotite grains are found within orthopyroxene as inclusions. Plagioclase is andesine and occur as inclusions in other minerals. Biotite has high concentration of TiO2, but poor in CaO. Ilmenite and magnetite are closely associated with orthopyroxene. Rare earth element (REE) displays enrichment in light REE and depletion in heavy REE with negative Eu anomaly. Biotite as relicts in orthopyroxene and amphibole mantling orthopyroxene are clear evidences of retrograde metamorphic events. The mineral reactions suggest the retrogression of the charnockitic gneisses that are products of rehydration processes. These relationships between pairs of minerals indicate retrogressive form of metamorphism at the transition from granulite facies to amphibolites facies.

The aeromagnetic survey of Isi-Uzo was conducted by Nigeria Geological Survey Agency. 305,669 numeric data points make up the entire amount of Isi-Uzo data points. These data points were digitally captured (X, Y, Z text file) following the removal of the geomagnetic slope from the initial data set using the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). Through the use of source parameter imaging, that was examined using Oasis montaj software, the depths of the magnetic source body were determined. The research area’s magnetic intensity varies between -74.72 to 147.24 nT, at its lowest and maximum levels, respectively. There could be a dip or plunge, change in lithology, change in depth, variation in magnetic susceptibility, or angle of strike causing this fluctuation in magnetic strength. The SPI depth value varies with a minimum of 151.6 m for shallow depth magnetic bodies to a maximum of 3082.7 m for deep lying magnetic things. Thick sedimentation for hydrocarbon formation and mineral deposit is seen at depths ranging from 1200 m to 3082.7 m whereas shallow depths of 35 m to 150 m which are evident of excellent prospective sources of water. This work gives information that will be very important in mineral exploration and management for economic growth in the area.

Microscopic analysis and interpretation of the geochemical signatures of heavy minerals collected during stream sediment execution in the Kimpangu agglomeration and surrounding area have revealed the existence of four mineralogical families: ilmenites, garnets, spinels and pyroxenes. The geochemical signatures of these minerals confirm that they belong to Lherzolitic and pyroxenitic enclaves for the first three families, and to continental enclaves for pyroxenes. These mantle and crustal enclaves were eroded by kimberlitic magma, the two intrusions of which are located at Mbanza Yanga and south of Kimpangu.

This study utilized electrical resistivity survey methods using the Schlumberger configuration to investigate subsurface formations and assess groundwater vulnerability in the study area. The study employed vertical electrical sounding (VES) with Schlumberger electrode configuration in acquiring the data at ten locations across the study area. The result revealed five geoelectric layers with the fourth layer delineated as the aquifer layers. The values of resistivity and thickness were used in estimating the geohydraulic parameters (Dar-Zarrouk parameters, hydraulic conductivity, porosity, hydraulic resistance and formation factor) which help in evaluating the study area. The values of longitudinal conductance ranged from 0.002 to 0.046 mhos, transverse resistance ranged from 41836.86 to 6462359 Ωm2, porosity ranged from 7.298 to 19.538 %, formation factor ranged from 0.002 to 0.025, hydraulic conductivity ranged from 0.018 to 0.266 m2/day and hydraulic resistance ranged from 70.601 to 3895 237. The longitudinal conductance revealed the study area as poorly conducted while the aquifer vulnerability index show low to moderate vulnerability.

The increasing demand for efficient and sustainable coal extraction emphasizes the critical need for accurately characterizing coal seams. This study explores the utilization of multi-attribute seismic fusion technology to analyze the seismic response of coal seams in the Kashmir Basin. Through the application of a two-dimensional forward geological model incorporating coal layers and roadways, we extracted seismic attributes such as relative wave impedance, instantaneous amplitude, and frequency, aiming to assess their effectiveness in detecting anomalies caused by roadways within the coal seam. Our findings indicate that these attributes successfully capture variations in seismic response induced by roadways. However, individual attributes may face challenges in differentiation based on roadway fill material. To address this limitation, RGB multi-attribute fusion technology was employed. Compared to single attributes, the fused attribute offers a more comprehensive representation of geological features, enabling clearer visualization of tunnel boundaries and extraction of richer geological information. This methodology enhances the accuracy of seismic data interpretation and simplifies the delineation of complex geological structures within coal seams. This research underscores the potential of multi-attribute fusion technology in advancing coal seam characterization in the Kashmir Basin and beyond. The improved understanding of complex geological structures translates to optimized resource exploration strategies and more informed decision-making in the mining industry.

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo) is a country with strong potential in mineral raw materials; therefore, it is qualified as a “Geological Scandal.” It is the world’s leading producer of cobalt, and in 2022 it will be among the five major copper producers in the world. Although the mining sector plays a major role in economic growth, the country does not fully benefit from these resources due to the uncontrolled exploitation of raw materials, fraud, mining smuggling, and the lack of means for local processing of minerals. natural resources. DR Congo was classified by the World Bank as one of the five poorest countries in the world in 2022, despite the potential it presents. Given the great importance of critical minerals in the energy transition, the demand for raw materials is increasingly high. The DR Congo receives more requests for mining titles for the exploitation of resources. Unfortunately, these resources are non-renewable, and their exploitation destroys the environment. New technologies based on spatial analysis and remote sensing applied in the mining sector are capable of monitoring operating activities to combat the anarchic exploitation of resources and also control the waste evacuated by mining companies during the mining phases of exploration and especially during the hydrometallurgical treatment of ores. Areas damaged by these activities can be remediated using new remediation engineering techniques and tools. Remote sensing would also be involved in the acquisition of data that is difficult to access based on gaps in environmental reports. For the application of these techniques, the Ministry of Mines of DR Congo will have to act through its technical services and other services of the Ministry of Scientific Research and Technological Development, such as the national remote sensing center, the national geological service, and the geographical institute of Congo.

Terrestrial measurements of gravity data are limited to only accessible areas. Areas that are not easily accessible due to lack of access route, security, cost etc. are found unfavorable for terrestrial measurements. These among others lead to the development of satellites to fill those gaps. Satellites have been used for data acquisition for years and have recorded a great success in numerous ways. This paper presents the principle of operation of such satellites. The successful geophysical researches carried out using satellite acquired gravity data from existing literature were also discussed. The researches applied the satellite gravity data for numerous applications notably ground water survey, hydrology, geothermal survey, Mineral and hydrocarbon explorations, lithological characterization (Edge/boundary detection, depth estimation), Modeling of magma chamber, volcanic subsurface survey, characterization of upper atmospheric density etc. Satellite gravity survey is found to be very essential and relatively more advantageous compared to terrestrial survey because the human effort in data acquisition is less, it has wider coverage in small time, access to places that cannot be accessed on ground. It is therefore recommended that the functions of the satellites should be further expanded using new innovations like machine learning and artificial intelligence in order to increase efficiency.

The research area, site “G” is located in the city of Ibadan and is surrounded by the basement complex rock mainly migmatite-gneiss and been a hard rock, it is not alienated from the problem of water scarcity. In this region, water is usually encountered either in weathered zone or fractured basement which serve as a conduit for groundwater passage. It is also along this fracture that materials such as quartzo-feldsparthic minerals occur and tend to heal the fracture, hence the need for intensive geological and geophysical exploration to locate this important basement fracture. Very low frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) alongside with geological survey was adopted and conductivity data were acquired along fifteen VLF traverses utilizing very low frequency of about 15 KHz using ABEM WADI survey equipment. 13 profiles were in the east-west (E-W) direction which is the dip direction of the structural elements, while the 2 profiles were in north-south (N-S) direction to serve as a control. The acquired data were analyzed, filtered and displayed inform of profiles and Karous-Hjelt (K-H) filtered pseudo-section to show conductivity and resistivity in 2-D. The results reveal pocket of conductive zones which have been considered as fractures with different dimension and orientation. Most are single fractures, while some are closely spaced double fractures, some of which are connected to each other in depth. Also, some of these fractures contain water while some are dry, some are even suspected to be healed with quartzo-feldsparthic minerals and all of these depend on the conductivity / resistivity signature exhibited by the fractures. Therefore, it can be concluded that VLF has effectively characterise the basement into fractures that contain water, barren fracture and even fracture that contain quartzo-feldsparthic vein.

Context: One of the volcanoes on the East African Rift’s Virunga chain is the Nyiragongo. It is recognized for its Hawaiian-style eruptive dynamism and is especially interesting for studies aimed at comprehending the dynamics of the East African Rift. Objectives: In order to close the geochemistry gap, comprehend the evolution of the Nyiragongo magmas over a 20-year period, and enhance our knowledge of the southern region of the Nyiragongo volcanic field, this paper examines the significance of comparative research on the petrography and geochemistry of Nyiragongo volcano flows from 2002 and 2021. Approaches: A field campaign was conducted using the Hammer Survey method to characterize available outcrops macroscopically. Samples were taken to identify unnoticed size and propose relative words. Four out of fifteen samples underwent microscopic examination. Results: The 2021 and 2002 Nyiragongo volcano eruptions have similar mineralogical compositions, dominated by nepheline phenocrysts. However, the 2021 lava has a porphyritic to microlithic texture, with undersaturated silica and enriched alkalis. Olivine microlith is present in the 2002 flow, but not in the 2021 lava. In conclusion, the persistence of dispersive features linked to the East African rift is demonstrated by the geochemical description of geotectonic locations. The alkaline series is geochemically suited to both flows.

This study represents the second part of the erected assemblage of benthic foraminiferal genera and species of Anan, which related to the Suborder Lagenina, after the first part which belongs to the taxa of the Suborders Textulariina and Miliolina (Anan, manuscript). In this study, seven new genera and sixty-three Lagenid benthic foraminiferal species were erected from thirteen localities from Northern Tethys (USA, Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Spain, France Poland) and Southern Tethys (Tunisia, Egypt, UAE, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan). The six new Lagenid benthic foraminiferal genera and its species are: Leroyia (L. aegyptiaca L. maqfiensis, L. tunisica), Lenticuzonaria (L. hodae, L. misrensis), Lenticubella (L. polonica, L. kurkurensis, L. misrensis), Percultalina (P. misrensis, P. sinaensis), Vaginulinoides (V. fingeri), Vaginulinella (V. fingeri). The other Lagenid species of the other genera are presented. Two of the identified species are believed here to be new: Hemirobulina yehiai and Ramulina fatemae.